DYNLL1 binds to MRE11 to limit DNA end resection in BRCA1-deficient cells Limited DNA end resection is the key to impaired homologous recombination in BRCA1-mutant cancer cells. Here, using a loss-of-function CRISPR screen, we identify DYNLL1 as an inhibitor of DNA end resection. The loss of DYNLL1 enables DNA end resection and restores homologous recombination in BRCA1-mutant cells, thereby inducing resistance to platinum drugs and inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Low BRCA1 expression correlates with increased chromosomal aberrations in primary ovarian carcinomas, and the junction sequences of somatic structural variants indicate diminished homologous recombination. Concurrent decreases in DYNLL1 expression in carcinomas with low BRCA1 expression reduced genomic alterations and increased homology at lesions. In cells, DYNLL1 limits nucleolytic degradation of DNA ends by associating with the DNA end-resection machinery (MRN complex, BLM helicase and DNA2 endonuclease). In vitro, DYNLL1 binds directly to MRE11 to limit its end-resection activity. Therefore, we infer that DYNLL1 is an important anti-resection factor that influences genomic stability and responses to DNA-damaging chemotherapy.
Publications
1. R Zhou, ML Swift, A Syed, K Huang, L Moreau, JA Tainer, PA Konstantinopoulos, AD D'Andrea, YJ He, D Chowdhury. Dynamics of the DYNLL1/MRE11 complex regulates DNA end resection and recruitment of the Shieldin complex to DSBs. 2023 Mar 27;2023.03.27.534416 View in: Pubmed
2. AABA da Costa, D Chowdhury, GI Shapiro, AD D'Andrea, PA Konstantinopoulos.Targeting replication stress in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2022 Oct 6 View in: Pubmed 3. S Pal, JP Kaplan, H Nguyen, SA Stopka, MR Savani, MS Regan, QD Nguyen, KL Jones, LA Moreau, J Peng, MG Dipiazza, AJ Perciaccante, X Zhu, BR Hunsel, KX Liu, S Alexandrescu, R Drissi, MG Filbin, SK McBrayer, NYR Agar, D Chowdhury, DA Haas-Kogan. A druggable addiction to de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis in diffuse midline glioma.Cancer Cell. 2022 Sep 12;40(9):957-972. View in: Pubmed
4. S Roychoudhury S, D Chowdhury. TOPBPing up DSBs with PARylation. Mol Cell. 2022 Jul 21;82(14):2538-2540 View in: Pubmed
5. A Gockley, K Pagacz, S Fiascone, K Stawiski, N Holub, K Hasselblatt, DW Cramer, W Fendler, D Chowdhury, KM Elias. A Translational Model to Improve Early Detection of Epithelial Ovarian Cancers. Front Oncol. 2022 Apr 21;12:786154. View in: Pubmed
6. CS Clairmont, P Sarangi, K Ponnienselvan, LD Galli, I Csete, L Moreau, G Adelmant, D Chowdhury, JA Marto, AD D'Andrea. TRIP13 regulates DNA repair pathway choice through REV7 conformational change. Nat Cell Biol. 2020 Jan;22(1):87-96. View in: PubMed
7. G Sarek, P Kotsantis,P Ruis, D Van Ly, P Margalef, V Borel, XF Zheng, HR Flynn, AP Snijders, D Chowdhury, AJ Cesare, SJ Boulton. CDK phosphorylation of TRF2 controls t-loop dynamics during the cell cycle. Nature. 2019 Nov;575(7783):523-527. View in: PubMed
8. XF Zheng, S Acharya, K N Choe, K Nikhil, G Adelmant, SR Satapathy, S Sharma, K Viccaro, Rana, A Natarajan, P Sicinski, J A Marto, K Shah and D Chowdhury. A mitotic CDK5-PP4 phospho-signaling cascade primes 53BP1 for DNA repair in G1. Nature Communications 2019 Sep 18;10(1):4252. View in: PubMed
9. K Nikhil, L Chang, K Viccaro, M Jacobsen, C McGuire, SR Satapathy S, M Tandiary, MM Broman, G Cresswell, YJ He, GE Sandusky, TE Ratliff, D Chowdhury and K Shah. Identification of LIMK2 as a therapeutic target in castration resistant prostate cancer.Cancer Lett. 2019 Apr 28;448:182-196. View in: PubMed
10. Y J He, K Meghani, M-C Caron, C Yang, D A. Ronato, J Bian, A Sharma, J Moore, J Niraj, A Detappe, J G. Doench, G Legube, D E. Root, A D. D’Andrea, P Drané, S De, PA Konstantinopoulos, J-Y Masson and D Chowdhury. DYNLL1 binds MRE11 to limit DNA end resection in BRCA1-deficient cells. Nature. 2018 Nov;563(7732):522-526. View in: PubMed
11. Botuyan MV, Cui G, Drané P, Oliveira C, Detappe A, Brault ME, Parnandi N, Chaubey S, Thompson JR, Bragantini B, Zhao D, Chapman JR, Chowdhury D, Mer G. Mechanism of 53BP1 activity regulation by RNA-binding TIRR and a designer protein. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2018 Jul; 25(7):591-600. View in: PubMed
12. Tomasik B, Chalubinska-Fendler J, Chowdhury D, Fendler W. Potential of serum microRNAs as biomarkers of radiation injury and tools for individualization of radiotherapy. Transl Res. 2018 Nov; 201:71-83. View in: PubMed
13. Pal S, Kozono D, Yang X, Fendler W, Fitts W, Ni J, Alberta JA, Zhao J, Liu KX, Bian J, Truffaux N, Weiss WA, Resnick AC, Bandopadhayay P, Ligon KL, DuBois SG, Mueller S, Chowdhury D, Haas-Kogan DA. Dual HDAC and PI3K Inhibition Abrogates NF?B- and FOXM1-Mediated DNA Damage Response to Radiosensitize Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas. Cancer Res. 2018 Jul 15; 78(14):4007-4021. View in: PubMed
14. Meghani K, Fuchs W, Detappe A, Drané P, Gogola E, Rottenberg S, Jonkers J, Matulonis U, Swisher EM, Konstantinopoulos PA, Chowdhury D. Multifaceted Impact of MicroRNA 493-5p on Genome-Stabilizing Pathways Induces Platinum and PARP Inhibitor Resistance in BRCA2-Mutated Carcinomas. Cell Rep. 2018 Apr 03; 23(1):100-111. View in: PubMed
15. Galanos P, Pappas G, Polyzos A, Kotsinas A, Svolaki I, Giakoumakis NN, Glytsou C, Pateras IS, Swain U, Souliotis VL, Georgakilas AG, Geacintov N, Scorrano L, Lukas C, Lukas J, Livneh Z, Lygerou Z, Chowdhury D, Sørensen CS, Bartek J, Gorgoulis VG. Mutational signatures reveal the role of RAD52 in p53-independent p21-driven genomic instability. Genome Biol. 2018 03 16; 19(1):37. View in: PubMed
16. Tomasik B, Fendler W, Chowdhury D. Serum microRNAs - potent biomarkers for radiation biodosimetry. Oncotarget. 2018 Mar 06; 9(18):14038-14039. View in: PubMed
17. Iniguez AB, Stolte B, Wang EJ, Conway AS, Alexe G, Dharia NV, Kwiatkowski N, Zhang T, Abraham BJ, Mora J, Kalev P, Leggett A, Chowdhury D, Benes CH, Young RA, Gray NS, Stegmaier K. EWS/FLI Confers Tumor Cell Synthetic Lethality to CDK12 Inhibition in Ewing Sarcoma. Cancer Cell. 2018 Feb 12; 33(2):202-216.e6. View in: PubMed
18. Komseli ES, Pateras IS, Krejsgaard T, Stawiski K, Rizou SV, Polyzos A, Roumelioti FM, Chiourea M, Mourkioti I, Paparouna E, Zampetidis CP, Gumeni S, Trougakos IP, Pefani DE, O'Neill E, Gagos S, Eliopoulos AG, Fendler W, Chowdhury D, Bartek J, Gorgoulis VG. A prototypical non-malignant epithelial model to study genome dynamics and concurrently monitor micro-RNAs and proteins in situ during oncogene-induced senescence. BMC Genomics. 2018 01 10; 19(1):37. View in: PubMed
19. Elias KM, Fendler W, Stawiski K, Fiascone SJ, Vitonis AF, Berkowitz RS, Frendl G, Konstantinopoulos P, Crum CP, Kedzierska M, Cramer DW, Chowdhury D. Diagnostic potential for a serum miRNA neural network for detection of ovarian cancer. Elife. 2017 10 31; 6. View in: PubMed
20. Drané P, Chowdhury D. TIRR and 53BP1- partners in arms. Cell Cycle. 2017 Jul 03; 16(13):1235-1236. View in: PubMed
22. Drané P, Brault ME, Cui G, Meghani K, Chaubey S, Detappe A, Parnandi N, He Y, Zheng XF, Botuyan MV, Kalousi A, Yewdell WT, Münch C, Harper JW, Chaudhuri J, Soutoglou E, Mer G, Chowdhury D. TIRR regulates 53BP1 by masking its histone methyl-lysine binding function. Nature. 2017 03 09; 543(7644):211-216. View in: PubMed
23. Howitt BE, Strickland KC, Sholl LM, Rodig S, Ritterhouse LL, Chowdhury D, D'Andrea AD, Matulonis UA, Konstantinopoulos PA. Clear cell ovarian cancers with microsatellite instability: A unique subset of ovarian cancers with increased tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and PD-1/PD-L1 expression. Oncoimmunology. 2017; 6(2):e1277308. View in: PubMed
24. Chen CC, Moskwa P, Zinn PO, Hirshman BR, Choi YE, Shukla SA, Fendler W, Lu J, Golub TR, Hjelmeland A, Chowdhury D. 334 A Functional Screen Identifies miRNAs that Induce Radioresistance in Glioblastomas. Neurosurgery. 2016 Aug; 63 Suppl 1:197-8. View in: PubMed
25. Dinh TK, Fendler W, Chalubinska-Fendler J, Acharya SS, O'Leary C, Deraska PV, D'Andrea AD, Chowdhury D, Kozono D. Circulating miR-29a and miR-150 correlate with delivered dose during thoracic radiation therapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Radiat Oncol. 2016 Apr 27; 11:61. View in: PubMed
26. Strickland KC, Howitt BE, Shukla SA, Rodig S, Ritterhouse LL, Liu JF, Garber JE, Chowdhury D, Wu CJ, D'Andrea AD, Matulonis UA, Konstantinopoulos PA. Association and prognostic significance of BRCA1/2-mutation status with neoantigen load, number of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and expression of PD-1/PD-L1 in high grade serous ovarian cancer. Oncotarget. 2016 Mar 22; 7(12):13587-98. View in: PubMed
27. Choi YE, Meghani K, Brault ME, Leclerc L, He YJ, Day TA, Elias KM, Drapkin R, Weinstock DM, Dao F, Shih KK, Matulonis U, Levine DA, Konstantinopoulos PA, Chowdhury D. Platinum and PARP Inhibitor Resistance Due to Overexpression of MicroRNA-622 in BRCA1-Mutant Ovarian Cancer. Cell Rep. 2016 Jan 26; 14(3):429-439. View in: PubMed
28. Acharya SS, Fendler W, Watson J, Hamilton A, Pan Y, Gaudiano E, Moskwa P, Bhanja P, Saha S, Guha C, Parmar K, Chowdhury D. Serum microRNAs are early indicators of survival after radiation-induced hematopoietic injury. Sci Transl Med. 2015 May 13; 7(287):287ra69. View in: PubMed
29. Zheng XF, Kalev P, Chowdhury D. Emerging role of protein phosphatases changes the landscape of phospho-signaling in DNA damage response. DNA Repair (Amst). 2015 Aug; 32:58-65. View in: PubMed
30. Moskwa P, Zinn PO, Choi YE, Shukla SA, Fendler W, Chen CC, Lu J, Golub TR, Hjelmeland A, Chowdhury D. A functional screen identifies miRs that induce radioresistance in glioblastomas. Mol Cancer Res. 2014 Dec; 12(12):1767-78. View in: PubMed
31. Murphy AK, Fitzgerald M, Ro T, Kim JH, Rabinowitsch AI, Chowdhury D, Schildkraut CL, Borowiec JA. Phosphorylated RPA recruits PALB2 to stalled DNA replication forks to facilitate fork recovery. J Cell Biol. 2014 Aug 18; 206(4):493-507. View in: PubMed
32. Kushwaha D, Ramakrishnan V, Ng K, Steed T, Nguyen T, Futalan D, Akers JC, Sarkaria J, Jiang T, Chowdhury D, Carter BS, Chen CC. A genome-wide miRNA screen revealed miR-603 as a MGMT-regulating miRNA in glioblastomas. Oncotarget. 2014 Jun 30; 5(12):4026-39. View in: PubMed
33. Tubbs AT, Dorsett Y, Chan E, Helmink B, Lee BS, Hung P, George R, Bredemeyer AL, Mittal A, Pappu RV, Chowdhury D, Mosammaparast N, Krangel MS, Sleckman BP. KAP-1 promotes resection of broken DNA ends not protected by ?-H2AX and 53BP1 in G1-phase lymphocytes. Mol Cell Biol. 2014 Aug; 34(15):2811-21. View in: PubMed
34. Choi YE, Battelli C, Watson J, Liu J, Curtis J, Morse AN, Matulonis UA, Chowdhury D, Konstantinopoulos PA. Sublethal concentrations of 17-AAG suppress homologous recombination DNA repair and enhance sensitivity to carboplatin and olaparib in HR proficient ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget. 2014 May 15; 5(9):2678-87. View in: PubMed
35. Choi YE, Pan Y, Park E, Konstantinopoulos P, De S, D'Andrea A, Chowdhury D. MicroRNAs down-regulate homologous recombination in the G1 phase of cycling cells to maintain genomic stability. Elife. 2014 Apr 30; 3:e02445. View in: PubMed
36. Shaltiel IA, Aprelia M, Saurin AT, Chowdhury D, Kops GJ, Voest EE, Medema RH. Distinct phosphatases antagonize the p53 response in different phases of the cell cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014 May 20; 111(20):7313-8. View in: PubMed
37. Lee DH, Acharya SS, Kwon M, Drane P, Guan Y, Adelmant G, Kalev P, Shah J, Pellman D, Marto JA, Chowdhury D. Dephosphorylation enables the recruitment of 53BP1 to double-strand DNA breaks. Mol Cell. 2014 May 08; 54(3):512-25. View in: PubMed
38. Wang M, Kern AM, Hülskötter M, Greninger P, Singh A, Pan Y, Chowdhury D, Krause M, Baumann M, Benes CH, Efstathiou JA, Settleman J, Willers H. EGFR-mediated chromatin condensation protects KRAS-mutant cancer cells against ionizing radiation. Cancer Res. 2014 May 15; 74(10):2825-34. View in: PubMed
39. Kolacinska A, Morawiec J, Fendler W, Malachowska B, Morawiec Z, Szemraj J, Pawlowska Z, Chowdhury D, Choi YE, Kubiak R, Pakula L, Zawlik I. Association of microRNAs and pathologic response to preoperative chemotherapy in triple negative breast cancer: preliminary report. Mol Biol Rep. 2014 May; 41(5):2851-7. View in: PubMed
40. Li XL, Hara T, Choi Y, Subramanian M, Francis P, Bilke S, Walker RL, Pineda M, Zhu Y, Yang Y, Luo J, Wakefield LM, Brabletz T, Park BH, Sharma S, Chowdhury D, Meltzer PS, Lal A. A p21-ZEB1 complex inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the microRNA 183-96-182 cluster. Mol Cell Biol. 2014 Feb; 34(3):533-50. View in: PubMed
41. Johnson N, Johnson SF, Yao W, Li YC, Choi YE, Bernhardy AJ, Wang Y, Capelletti M, Sarosiek KA, Moreau LA, Chowdhury D, Wickramanayake A, Harrell MI, Liu JF, D'Andrea AD, Miron A, Swisher EM, Shapiro GI. Stabilization of mutant BRCA1 protein confers PARP inhibitor and platinum resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Oct 15; 110(42):17041-6. View in: PubMed
42. Chowdhury D, Choi YE, Brault ME. Charity begins at home: non-coding RNA functions in DNA repair. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2013 03; 14(3):181-9. View in: PubMed
43. Li YH, Wang X, Pan Y, Lee DH, Chowdhury D, Kimmelman AC. Inhibition of non-homologous end joining repair impairs pancreatic cancer growth and enhances radiation response. PLoS One. 2012; 7(6):e39588. View in: PubMed
44. Lee DH, Goodarzi AA, Adelmant GO, Pan Y, Jeggo PA, Marto JA, Chowdhury D. Phosphoproteomic analysis reveals that PP4 dephosphorylates KAP-1 impacting the DNA damage response. EMBO J. 2012 May 16; 31(10):2403-15. View in: PubMed
45. Crasta K, Ganem NJ, Dagher R, Lantermann AB, Ivanova EV, Pan Y, Nezi L, Protopopov A, Chowdhury D, Pellman D. DNA breaks and chromosome pulverization from errors in mitosis. Nature. 2012 Jan 18; 482(7383):53-8. View in: PubMed
46. Benassi B, Flavin R, Marchionni L, Zanata S, Pan Y, Chowdhury D, Marani M, Strano S, Muti P, Blandino G, Loda M. MYC is activated by USP2a-mediated modulation of microRNAs in prostate cancer. Cancer Discov. 2012 Mar; 2(3):236-47. View in: PubMed
47. Lee DH, Chowdhury D. What goes on must come off: phosphatases gate-crash the DNA damage response. Trends Biochem Sci. 2011 Nov; 36(11):569-77. View in: PubMed
48. Srikantan S, Abdelmohsen K, Lee EK, Tominaga K, Subaran SS, Kuwano Y, Kulshrestha R, Panchakshari R, Kim HH, Yang X, Martindale JL, Marasa BS, Kim MM, Wersto RP, Indig FE, Chowdhury D, Gorospe M. Translational control of TOP2A influences doxorubicin efficacy. Mol Cell Biol. 2011 Sep; 31(18):3790-801. View in: PubMed
49. Guancial EA, Chowdhury D, Rosenberg JE. Personalized therapy for urothelial cancer: review of the clinical evidence. Clin Investig (Lond). 2011 Apr; 1(4):546-555. View in: PubMed
50. Moskwa P, Buffa FM, Pan Y, Panchakshari R, Gottipati P, Muschel RJ, Beech J, Kulshrestha R, Abdelmohsen K, Weinstock DM, Gorospe M, Harris AL, Helleday T, Chowdhury D. miR-182-mediated downregulation of BRCA1 impacts DNA repair and sensitivity to PARP inhibitors. Mol Cell. 2011 Jan 21; 41(2):210-20. View in: PubMed
51. Lee DH, Pan Y, Kanner S, Sung P, Borowiec JA, Chowdhury D. A PP4 phosphatase complex dephosphorylates RPA2 to facilitate DNA repair via homologous recombination. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2010 Mar; 17(3):365-72. View in: PubMed
52. Wang B, Li S, Qi HH, Chowdhury D, Shi Y, Novina CD. Distinct passenger strand and mRNA cleavage activities of human Argonaute proteins. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2009 Dec; 16(12):1259-66. View in: PubMed
53. Lal A, Navarro F, Maher CA, Maliszewski LE, Yan N, O'Day E, Chowdhury D, Dykxhoorn DM, Tsai P, Hofmann O, Becker KG, Gorospe M, Hide W, Lieberman J. miR-24 Inhibits cell proliferation by targeting E2F2, MYC, and other cell-cycle genes via binding to "seedless" 3'UTR microRNA recognition elements. Mol Cell. 2009 Sep 11; 35(5):610-25. View in: PubMed
54. Zhu P, Martinvalet D, Chowdhury D, Zhang D, Schlesinger A, Lieberman J. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte protease granzyme A cleaves and inactivates poly(adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1. Blood. 2009 Aug 06; 114(6):1205-16. View in: PubMed
55. Wang H, Zhao A, Chen L, Zhong X, Liao J, Gao M, Cai M, Lee DH, Li J, Chowdhury D, Yang YG, Pfeifer GP, Yen Y, Xu X. Human RIF1 encodes an anti-apoptotic factor required for DNA repair. Carcinogenesis. 2009 Aug; 30(8):1314-9. View in: PubMed
56. Lal A, Pan Y, Navarro F, Dykxhoorn DM, Moreau L, Meire E, Bentwich Z, Lieberman J, Chowdhury D. miR-24-mediated downregulation of H2AX suppresses DNA repair in terminally differentiated blood cells. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2009 May; 16(5):492-8. View in: PubMed
57. Wang B, Zhao A, Sun L, Zhong X, Zhong J, Wang H, Cai M, Li J, Xu Y, Liao J, Sang J, Chowdhury D, Pfeifer GP, Yen Y, Xu X. Protein phosphatase PP4 is overexpressed in human breast and lung tumors. Cell Res. 2008 Sep; 18(9):974-7. View in: PubMed
58. Chowdhury D, Xu X, Zhong X, Ahmed F, Zhong J, Liao J, Dykxhoorn DM, Weinstock DM, Pfeifer GP, Lieberman J. A PP4-phosphatase complex dephosphorylates gamma-H2AX generated during DNA replication. Mol Cell. 2008 Jul 11; 31(1):33-46. View in: PubMed
59. Chowdhury D, Lieberman J. Death by a thousand cuts: granzyme pathways of programmed cell death. Annu Rev Immunol. 2008; 26:389-420. View in: PubMed
60. Dykxhoorn DM, Chowdhury D, Lieberman J. RNA interference and cancer: endogenous pathways and therapeutic approaches. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2008; 615:299-329. View in: PubMed
61. Martinvalet D, Thiery J, Chowdhury D. Granzymes and cell death. Methods Enzymol. 2008; 442:213-30. View in: PubMed
62. Chakraborty T, Chowdhury D, Keyes A, Jani A, Subrahmanyam R, Ivanova I, Sen R. Repeat organization and epigenetic regulation of the DH-Cmu domain of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene locus. Mol Cell. 2007 Sep 07; 27(5):842-50. View in: PubMed
63. Lee-Kirsch MA, Gong M, Chowdhury D, Senenko L, Engel K, Lee YA, de Silva U, Bailey SL, Witte T, Vyse TJ, Kere J, Pfeiffer C, Harvey S, Wong A, Koskenmies S, Hummel O, Rohde K, Schmidt RE, Dominiczak AF, Gahr M, Hollis T, Perrino FW, Lieberman J, Hübner N. Mutations in the gene encoding the 3'-5' DNA exonuclease TREX1 are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Genet. 2007 Sep; 39(9):1065-7. View in: PubMed
64. Lee-Kirsch MA, Chowdhury D, Harvey S, Gong M, Senenko L, Engel K, Pfeiffer C, Hollis T, Gahr M, Perrino FW, Lieberman J, Hubner N. A mutation in TREX1 that impairs susceptibility to granzyme A-mediated cell death underlies familial chilblain lupus. J Mol Med (Berl). 2007 May; 85(5):531-7. View in: PubMed
65. Chowdhury D, Beresford PJ, Zhu P, Zhang D, Sung JS, Demple B, Perrino FW, Lieberman J. The exonuclease TREX1 is in the SET complex and acts in concert with NM23-H1 to degrade DNA during granzyme A-mediated cell death. Mol Cell. 2006 Jul 07; 23(1):133-42. View in: PubMed
66. Zhu P, Zhang D, Chowdhury D, Martinvalet D, Keefe D, Shi L, Lieberman J. Granzyme A, which causes single-stranded DNA damage, targets the double-strand break repair protein Ku70. EMBO Rep. 2006 Apr; 7(4):431-7. View in: PubMed
67. Chowdhury D, Keogh MC, Ishii H, Peterson CL, Buratowski S, Lieberman J. gamma-H2AX dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase 2A facilitates DNA double-strand break repair. Mol Cell. 2005 Dec 09; 20(5):801-9. View in: PubMed
68. Palliser D, Chowdhury D, Wang QY, Lee SJ, Bronson RT, Knipe DM, Lieberman J. An siRNA-based microbicide protects mice from lethal herpes simplex virus 2 infection. Nature. 2006 Jan 05; 439(7072):89-94. View in: PubMed
69. Keogh MC, Kim JA, Downey M, Fillingham J, Chowdhury D, Harrison JC, Onishi M, Datta N, Galicia S, Emili A, Lieberman J, Shen X, Buratowski S, Haber JE, Durocher D, Greenblatt JF, Krogan NJ. A phosphatase complex that dephosphorylates gammaH2AX regulates DNA damage checkpoint recovery. Nature. 2006 Jan 26; 439(7075):497-501. View in: PubMed
70. Chowdhury D, Novina CD. Potential roles for short RNAs in lymphocytes. Immunol Cell Biol. 2005 Jun; 83(3):201-10. View in: PubMed
71. Song E, Zhu P, Lee SK, Chowdhury D, Kussman S, Dykxhoorn DM, Feng Y, Palliser D, Weiner DB, Shankar P, Marasco WA, Lieberman J. Antibody mediated in vivo delivery of small interfering RNAs via cell-surface receptors. Nat Biotechnol. 2005 Jun; 23(6):709-17. View in: PubMed
72. Chowdhury D, Novina CD. RNAi and RNA-based regulation of immune system function. Adv Immunol. 2005; 88:267-92. View in: PubMed
73. Chowdhury D, Sen R. Mechanisms for feedback inhibition of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. Curr Opin Immunol. 2004 Apr; 16(2):235-40. View in: PubMed